Tummy Tuck

If you want a tighter, flatter abdomen, then a tummy tuck may be appropriate to help achieve your goals.

Also known as abdominoplasty, a tummy tuck removes excess fat and skin, and in some cases restores weakened or separated muscles. This creates an abdominal profile that is smoother and firmer, often enhancing your body image and confidence.

Procedural steps: A tummy tuck involves the surgical removal of excess abdominal fat and skin and includes tightening of the abdominal wall where muscles have weakened.

A full tummy tuck requires a horizontal incision in the area between the pubic hairline and navel. Incision size is largely dependent on the amount of excess skin to be removed.

Where correction is isolated to the area below the navel, a limited or mini tummy tuck with a shorter incision at the pubic bone may be recommended.

Liposuction may be performed with a mini tummy tuck where excess fat is the only factor.

Your results: Swelling should subside and initial results may appear in 2-4 weeks. Final results could appear in 8 weeks. Incision lines will continue to flatten and fade for up to 1 year.

Gynecomastia

Enlarged male breasts, also known as gynecomastia, can cause emotional discomfort and impair your self confidence. Gynecomastia is characterized by:

• Excess localized fat
• Excess glandular tissue development
• A combination of both excess fat and glandular tissue
• Gynecomastia may present unilaterally (one breast) or bilaterally (both breasts)

Gynecomastia can be surgically treated by removing excess fat, glandular tissue and/or skin. The result is a better proportioned, more masculine-contoured upper body and the freedom and self confidence to lead an active life.

Procedural steps: Surgical removal of excess tissue is performed by excision and/or liposuction. This procedure can include areola reduction.

Your results: Initial swelling should dissipate in 2-4 weeks. Final results may appear in 2-4 months. Incision lines will continue to fade for up to 1 year. Significant weight gain can reverse results.

Injectable Fillers

If you would like to restore facial contours, or reduce the appearance of lines and creases, injection therapy with soft tissue fillers may be right for you. Injectable fillers can:

• Plump thin lips
• Enhance shallow contours
• Soften facial creases and wrinkles
• Improve the appearance of recessed scars

Procedural steps: A pharmaceutical filler substance or your own fat is injected below the skin surface to fill hollow areas and creases, or plump the lips and back of the hands. Fat is typically taken from the inner thigh or abdomen.

Your results: Swelling should dissipate in 2-5 days, or 1-2 weeks with fat injections. This procedure produces temporary results, lasting a few months to several years or more, based on the filler used, treatment site and individual patient factors. Some products may be permanent.

Facial Implants

If you would like to change the contours of your face, you might want to consider implants. They can improve proportion and profiles and correct imbalance caused by injury or hereditary traits.

Procedural steps: Appropriately sized and shaped implants most commonly in the cheek, chin, jaw or nasal region will be carefully selected and placed. Incisions inside the mouth or discreetly placed external incisions create space in soft tissues for implant positioning and support.

Generally performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia with or without sedation; general anesthesia may be recommended.

Your results: Almost immediate, initial swelling should subside in 2-4 weeks and dissipate in 1-2 months as final results appear.

Facelift

If you are bothered by the signs of aging in your face, a facelift may be right for you.

Technically known as rhytidectomy, a facelift is a surgical procedure to improve visible signs of aging in the face and neck, such as:

• Sagging in the midface
• Deep creases below the lower eyelids
• Deep creases between the nose and mouth
• Fat that has fallen or is displaced
• Loss of muscle tone in the lower face that may create jowls
• Loose skin and excess fatty deposits under the chin and jaw

A facelift is designed to correct all of these aging features, restoring a more youthful, rested appearance with uplifted contours and improved tone in facial skin and underlying muscle.

Procedural steps: Typical incisions begin within the hairline, above the temple and continue along or just inside the ear, ending behind the ear. This allows access to tighten underlying tissue, remove excess fat and reduce sagging skin.

A second incision under the chin is sometimes necessary. If skin tone is good and only mid-face aging or excess fat in the neck will be corrected, abbreviated techniques with shorter incisions may be used. Liposuction techniques may assist with removal of fat deposits.

Your results: Swelling and bruising should subside within 2-4 weeks. Final results may be apparent in 1-2 months. Incision lines will continue to refine and fade for 1 year.

Eyelid Surgery

Cosmetic eyelid surgery, called blepharoplasty, is a surgical procedure to improve the appearance of the upper eyelids, lower eyelids, or both, restoring firmness to the area surrounding the eyes and making you look more rested and alert.

Specifically, eyelid surgery can treat:

• Loose or sagging skin that creates folds or hides the natural contour of the upper eyelid
• Excess skin that hangs down from the upper eyelid, sometimes impairing vision
• Excess fatty deposits that appear as puffiness in the upper eyelids
• Bags under the eyes
• Droopiness of the lower eyelids, showing white below the iris
• Excess skin and fine wrinkles of the lower eyelid

Procedural steps: An incision within the natural crease of the upper eyelid allows access to remove excess skin, muscle and underlying fatty tissue. Using an incision inside the lower eyelid, fat is removed or redistributed and muscle modified to correct a baggy lower eyelid.

An incision just below the lower lash line allows excess skin to be removed. Laser resurfacing may be used to smooth lower lid skin.

Your results: Bruising should subside in 5-10 days and swelling should subside in 2-4 weeks. Final results may appear in 1-2 months. Incision lines will continue to refine and fade for 1 year.

Nose Surgery

Also known as rhinoplasty, surgery of the nose improves the appearance and proportion of your nose, enhancing facial harmony and self confidence. Surgery of the nose may also correct impaired breathing caused by structural defects in the nose.

Rhinoplasty can change:

• Nose size, in relation to facial balance
• Nose width, at the bridge or in the size and position of the nostrils
• Nose profile, with visible humps or depressions on the bridge
• Nasal tip, that is enlarged or bulbous, drooping, upturned or hooked
• Nostrils that are large, wide or upturned
• Nasal asymmetry

Procedural steps: Incisions hidden at the nostril base and/or inside the nose allow access to reshape underlying cartilage and/or bone. This may include lowering humps, narrowing of nasal bones, shaping of the nasal tip or nostril size and improving the angle between the nose and the upper lip.

This procedure also can correct breathing difficulties caused by structural irregularities.

Your results: You should see a change within 6-8 weeks following surgery, with continued refinement for 6-12 months. Cartilage is a flexible and growing tissue, therefore results following surgery are not fully predictable.

Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Procedures At-A-Glance

• Has completed at least five years of surgical training with a minimum of two years in plastic surgery.
• Is trained and experienced in all plastic surgery procedures, including breast, body, face and reconstruction.
• Operates only in accredited medical facilities
• Adheres to a strict code of ethics.
• Fulfills continuing medical education requirements, including standards and innovations in patient safety.
• Is board certified by The American Board of Plastic Surgery or in Canada by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada^®.

ASPS Member Surgeons are your partners in cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery.

Look for the ASPS Member Surgeon logo.

To find a plastic surgeon who performs a procedure, visit the online referral service of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). ASPS, founded in 1931, is the largest plastic surgery organization in the world and the foremost authority on cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. All ASPS physician members are certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

Excerpted from the ASPS/ASAPS Patient Education Brochures
© ASPS/ASAPS 2008

Turning Knowledge Into Wisdom: Being an Effective Advocate

Sue has a serious chronic medical condition and visits many different doctors each month. She is on top of her medical situation and sometimes brings in new research papers to discuss with her team. When a new doctor prescribed her a medication without explaining what and why, she gently but firmly told him, "I am happy to follow doctor's orders as long as I understand them. When would be a good time to answer my questions?"

Sue is an advocate. She seeks accurate medical facts and information. She empowers herself with knowledge. But knowledge is only half of the story. What good is knowledge without wisdom? Wisdom is knowing how to use knowledge effectively.

Sue sees herself and her doctors as a team. She believes in a collaborative approach to her medical care. But her style is not without conflict. There have been times when busy doctors with a brusque bedside manner didn't particularly like being "second-guessed." But Sue has a great way about her and it's hard not to like her. She is able to detect when she is starting to get some resistance and goes into her "Conflict Resolution Mode":

Step 1. Show empathy and understanding for the other person's position. "Ohhh, it looks like you are super busy today and probably don't have time for my questions. I can understand that."

Step 2. State your position using "AND" and "I" language: "And I can take much better care of myself if I understand the reasons behind your decisions here."

Step 3. Suggest alternatives: "Is there a time that we could talk about this later by phone or even email? I won't take much of your time, I promise. I just have a few basic questions about what you are suggesting. Thank you for being willing to help me out."

Sue is a successful advocate for her healthcare because:

1. She is knowledgeable about her medical condition. She actively seeks accurate information from reliable sources.
2. She stands up for herself and isn't afraid to be assertive.
3. She is calm and respectful even in the face of resistance or conflict.
4. She doesn't take abrupt (some say "rude") medical professionals personally.
5. She is not demanding or threatening.
6. She doesn't tell others what they have to do but instead shares what her needs are.
7. She understands that having an effective approach is in her own best interest so she works hard at learning good communication skills.
8. She tries to be appreciative of the doctor's knowledge and expertise (even if she doesn't like the doctor as a person). 9. She understands that being an advocate is not the same as being pushy or aggressive.
10. She uses a collaborative approach to solving problems.

Sue knows that her good health is ultimately up to her and the choices she makes. And, as an effective advocate, she is prepared and empowered to make good decisions that will impact her life, and those who love her, for years to come.

Things You Need to Know About Surgery For Gout Patients

Gout is a critical medical condition but it is also a very common type of arthritis which victimizes a whole lot of people around the globe. Gout is basically a metabolic arthritis which is caused by the congenital disorder of uric acid metabolism. The disease is a painful medical condition which is caused by the uric acid accumulation in the body. The uric acid starts to form the uric acid crystals that begin to be deposited in the joints, tendons and the surrounded tissues. These cause the joint pain and the joint problems. Some of the uric acid crystals start to grow in size and they burst through the skin causing the skin sinuses letting out the white chalky substance.

Gout has been around for centuries and there are a whole lot of options for treating the gout attack. The main symptoms of the disease are acute pain, sensitive and tender skin, redness and warmness of the skin and swollen skin. The acute and intolerable pain is the most critical condition of the gout attack. For treating the gout there are conventional treatments with certain medications and exercising option, food diet maintenance and even the alternative medicines option which are not necessarily FDA approved methods. However, in extreme and sever cases the surgery can be yet another option.

But before deciding or opting for the surgery option the doctors often opt for the other types of medications. Doctors suggest the patients to follow to follow the daily food diets recommended by them. The main cause of the gout is the increase of the uric acid level in the blood so controlling or reducing the uric acid in the blood level is important when it comes to controlling the gout. The high purine foods contain more uric acid than the other foods. The doctors often suggest the gout patients to avoid the high purine rich foods like the organ meats kidney, liver, brain of animals, beef, pork, lamb, cod, stout, seafood, sea fish, cauliflower, peas, dried beans, mushrooms, beer and alcohol. The patients rather are encouraged to take plenty of low purine foods like the milk and the milk products, green vegetables, eggs, pasta, noodles, cereal, fruits specially the cherries, blue berries, strawberries etc.

When these do not work on reducing the pain or managing the gout problems the doctors can then think of the surgery. Surgery won’t be needed for all kinds of gout. Only for the severe and critical cases the doctor will consider the surgery option. But before opting for the surgery option the doctor will make sure he had tried all other types of treatment methods. The doctor will opt for the surgery only after being confirmed that the patient has a chronic and ling history of gout arthritis. Various types of surgery options are there. Before the surgery the doctor will consider the case history, the age of the patients, the blood pressure and the sugar condition and the level uric acid in the blood of the patients. Considering all these matters the doctor will opt for the gout surgery only when he thinks the condition needs a surgery.

z~~

• Z-plasty: A surgical incision technique that creates small triangular flaps of tissue that help to close wounds over areas of the hand where bending or flexing is essential to function, such as around knuckles.
• Z-plasty for Scar Revision: A surgical technique that creates angled flaps on either side of the original scar site that can completely reposition or change scar direction, interrupt scar tension or improve scar flexibility.

v~~~

• Varicose veins: Abnormally swollen or dilated veins.
• Venous system: Veins.

U~~

• Unilateral gynecomastia: A condition of over-developed or enlarged breasts affecting just one breast in men.
• Ultrasound: A diagnostic procedure that projects high-frequency sound waves into the body and changes the echoes into pictures.
• Ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty: Uses ultrasonic energy to liquefy excess fat prior to surgical suctioning.

T~~~

• Tendon: A tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other part.
• Tenolysis: A surgical procedure to free a tendon from surrounding adhesions.
• Tissue expansion: A procedure that can substitute for skin grafts. An inflatable balloon called a tissue expander is placed under the skin near the scar site to stretch additional skin to be used to revise a scar. Oftentimes, multiple procedures are needed.
• TRAM flap: Also known as transverse rectus abdominus musculocutaneous flap, a surgical technique that uses muscle, fat and skin from your own abdomen to reconstruct the breast.
• Transaxillary incision: An incision made in the underarm area.
• Trigger finger: An abnormal condition in which flexion or extension of a finger may be momentarily obstructed by spasm followed by a snapping into place.
• Tumescent or super-wet liposuction: Requires an infusion of saline solution with adrenaline and possibly anesthetic prior to removal of excess fat.
• Tummy tuck: A surgical procedure to correct the apron of excess skin hanging over your abdomen.

S~~

• Saline implants: Breast implants filled with a salt water solution.
• Sclerotherapy: Sclerosing solution injected into a vein, causing it to collapse and fade from view.
• SGAP flap: Superior Gluteal Artery perforator flap, which takes tissue from the buttock.
• Silicone implants: Breast implants filled with an elastic gel solution.
• Simple linear veins: Veins which appear as thin, separate lines, and are commonly seen on the inner knee or on the face.
• Skin graft: A surgical procedure used for skin cancer. Healthy skin is removed from one area of the body and relocated to the wound site. A suture line is positioned to follow the natural creases and curves of the face if possible, to minimize the appearance of the resulting scar.
• Skin resurfacing: Treatment to improve the texture, clarity and overall appearance of your skin.
• Soft tissue augmentation: The use of injectable fillers to restore volume and your youthful appearance.
• Spider-shaped veins: A group of veins radiating outward from a dark central point.
• Spider veins: Small clusters of red, blue or purple veins that appear in the skin on the thighs, calves and ankles.
• Stahl’s ear: An ear that is distorted in shape due to an abnormal fold of cartilage.
• Suction lipectomy: Another term for liposuction.
• Support hose: Special stockings that compress your legs, typically used for varicose veins and post-surgical conditions.
• Sutures: Stitches used by surgeons to hold skin and tissue together.
• Syndactyly: When fingers are fused together.

R~~~

• Reduction mammaplasty: The surgical removal of breast tissue to reduce the size of breasts.
• Reticular veins: Larger, darker leg veins that tend to bulge slightly, but are not severe enough to require surgical treatment.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: A disabling disease that can cause severe inflammation in any joint of the body. In the hand, it can deform fingers and impair movement.
• Rhytidectomy: A surgical procedure, also known as facelift, to reduce sagging of the mid-face, jowls and neck.

P~~~

• Palatoschisis: The scientific term for a cleft palate.
• PMMA: A widely used implant material formed into tiny microspheres and suspended in a collagen gel for use as a wrinkle filler.
• Polydactyly: The presence of extra fingers.

O~~

• Obturator: An intraoral device your child may wear prior to repair of the cleft lip which may assist in feeding and maintain the arch of the lip prior to repair.
• Otoplasty: A surgical procedure also known as ear surgery to improve the shape, position or proportion of the ear.

N~~~

• Nasolabial fold: Deep creases between the nose and mouth.
• Nevi: A mole.

M~~

• Macrotia: Overly large ears; a rare condition.
• Mammogram: An x-ray image of the breast.
• Mastectomy: The removal of a breast, typically to rid the body cancer.
• Medial thigh lift: A surgical procedure to correct sagging of the inner thigh.
• Melanoma: A skin cancer that is most often distinguished by its pigmented blackish or brownish coloration and irregular and ill-defined borders is the most serious form of skin cancer. It occurs in the deepest portion of the epidermis, and for this reason, melanoma is the most likely form of skin cancer to spread quickly in the skin and to other parts of the body.
• Microsurgery: High magnification to repair or reconnect severed nerves and tendons, common in trauma cases and often used to reattach severed fingers or limbs.
• Microtia: The most complex congenital ear deformity when the outer ear appears as either a sausage-shaped structure resembling little more than the earlobe, or has more recognizable parts of the concha and tragus or other normal ear features. It may or may not be missing the external auditory or hearing canal. Hearing is impaired to varying degrees.
• Mohs surgery: A surgical procedure that’s used when skin cancer is like an iceberg. Beneath the skin, the cancerous cells cover a much larger region and there are no defined borders.
• MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; a painless test to view tissue similar to an x-ray.

L~~~

• Laser resurfacing: A method to change to the surface of the skin that allows new, healthy skin to form at the scar site.
• Laser therapy: An intense beam of light passed over the leg to eliminate spider veins.
• Laser treatment: An intense beam of light directed at the spider vein, which obliterates it through the skin.
• Latissimus dorsi flap technique: A surgical technique that uses muscle, fat and skin tunneled under the skin and tissue of a woman's back to the reconstructed breast and remains attached to its donor site, leaving blood supply intact.
• Light therapy: (Intense Pulsed Light) Pulses of light that can be used to treat discoloration and texture changes of the skin.
• Lipoplasty: Another term for liposuction.
• Liposuction: Also called lipoplasty or suction lipectomy, this procedure vacuums out fat from beneath the skin’s surface to reduce fullness.
• Local anesthesia: A drug is injected directly to the site of an incision during an operation to relieve pain.
• Local flap: A surgical procedure used for skin cancer in which healthy, adjacent tissue is repositioned over the wound.
• Lower body lift: Surgical procedure to correct sagging of the abdomen, buttocks, groin, and outer thighs.

K~~

Keloids: Large scars that can be painful or itchy, and may also pucker which can occur anywhere on your body, developing more commonly where there is little underlying fatty tissue, such as on the breastbone or shoulders.

I~~

• Injectable fillers: Substances used to restore volume and your youthful appearance.
• Intraoral: Inside the mouth.
• Intraoral incisions: Surgical incisions made inside the mouth.
• Intravenous sedation: Sedatives are administered by injection into a vein to help you relax.

H~~

• Hematoma: Blood pooling beneath the skin.
• Hemoglobin: Blood count.
• Human fat: Harvested from your own body and used as an injectable filler for soft tissue augmentation.
• Hyfrecation: Spider vein treatment in which the vessels are cauterized.
• Hyperpigmented scar: A scar that is darker in color.
• Hypertropic scar: Thick clusters of scar tissue that develop directly at a wound site.
• Hypopigmented scar: A scar that is lighter in color.

G~~~

• General anesthesia: Drugs and/or gases used during an operation to relieve pain and alter consciousness.
• Grafting: Tissue taken from other parts of the body.
  

F~~~

• Flap techniques: Surgical techniques used to reposition your own skin, muscle and fat to reconstruct or cover your breast.
• Flexor tendon: A tendon which serves to bend a body part.
• Frozen section: A surgical procedure in which the cancerous lesion is removed and microscopically examined by a pathologist prior to wound closure to ensure all cancerous cells have been removed.

E~~~~

• Ear axis: The main line of ear growth.
• Endocrine system: A group of glands that make hormones which help to control activities in your body such as reproduction, metabolism, growth and development. Testing of your endocrine system may be done to look for signs of diabetes, thyroid disorders, growth hormone deficiency, osteoporosis, hypertension and obesity.
• Epidermis: The uppermost portion of skin.
• Excision: To remove the skin.
• Extensor tendon: A tendon which serves to extend a bodily part.
• External incisions: Surgical incisions made on the surface of your skin.

D~~~

• Dermabrasion: Mechanical polishing of the skin.
• DIEP flap: Deep Inferior Epigastric perforator flap which takes tissue from the abdomen.
• Donor site: An area of your body where the surgeon harvests skin, muscle and fat to reconstruct your breast - commonly located in less exposed areas of the body such as the back, abdomen or buttocks.
• Dupuytren’s contracture: A disabling hand disorder in which thick, scar-like tissue bands form within the palm and may extend into the fingers. It can cause restricted movement, bending the fingers into an abnormal position.

C`````

• Cancer: The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells are also called malignant cells.
• Capsular contracture: A complication of breast implant surgery which occurs when scar tissue that normally forms around the implant tightens and squeezes the implant and becomes firm.
• Carpal tunnel syndrome: A condition caused by pressure to the median nerve within the wrist or carpal tunnel causing pain, tingling and numbness.
• Cheiloplasty: Cleft lip repair surgery.
• Cheiloschisis: The scientific term for a cleft lip.
• Chemical peel solutions: Substances that penetrate the skin’s surface to soften irregularities in texture and color.
• Circumferential thigh lift: A surgical procedure to correct sagging of the outer and mid-thigh.
• Cleft: A separation of the upper lip and/or the roof of the mouth.
• Cleft lip: The incomplete formation of the upper lip.
• Cleft palate: The incomplete formation of the roof of the mouth.
• Collagen: A natural protein used as an injectable filler for soft tissue augmentation.
• Columella: Tissue that separates the nostrils.
• Conchal cartilage: The largest and deepest concavity of the external ear.
• Constricted ear: Also called a lop or cup ear, has varying degrees of protrusion, reduced ear circumference, folding or flattening of the upper helical rim, and lowered ear position.
• Contracture: A puckering or pulling together of tissues; a potential side effect of cleft surgery.
• Contractures: Scars that restrict movement due to skin and underlying tissue that pull together during healing and usually occur when there is a large amount of tissue loss, such as after a burn.
• Cryptotia: Also called hidden ear, occurs when the upper rim of the ear is buried beneath a fold of scalp secondary to abnormal folding of the upper ear cartilage toward the head. The folding is the reverse of that commonly seen in the protruding ear.

Plastic Surgery Glossary~~2

• Basal cell carcinoma: The most common form of skin cancer. Occurs in the epidermis. These growths are often round and pearly or darkly pigmented.
• Bilateral gynecomastia: A condition of over-developed or enlarged breasts affecting both breasts in men.
• Biocompatible materials: Synthetic or natural material used in facial implants and designed to function along with living tissue.
• Blepharoplasty: Eyelid surgery to improve the appearance of upper eyelids, lower eyelids or both.
• Brachioplasty: A surgical procedure, also known as arm lift, to correct sagging of the upper arms.
• Breast augmentation: Also known as augmentation mammaplasty; breast enlargement by surgery.
• Breast lift: Also known as mastopexy; surgery to lift the breasts.
• Breast reconstruction: Breast reconstruction is achieved through several plastic surgery techniques that attempt to restore a breast to near normal shape, appearance and size following mastectomy.
• Breast reduction: Reduction of breast size and breast lift by surgery.
• Brow lift: A surgical procedure to correct a low-positioned or sagging brow. Smoothes furrows across the forehead and between the brows.

Plastic Surgery Glossary

• Abdominoplasty: A surgical procedure, also known as tummy tuck, to correct the apron of excess skin hanging over your abdomen.
• Antihelical fold: A fold that is just inside the rim of the ear.
• Arborizing veins: Veins that resemble tiny, branch-like shapes in a cartwheel pattern, often seen on the outer thigh.
• Areola: Pigmented skin surrounding the nipple.
• Auditory canal: A passage in the ear.
• Augmentation mammaplasty: Breast enlargement by surgery.

Natural Cholesterol and Heart Health Products

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High Blood Pressure

You can have high blood pressure, or hypertension, and still feel just fine. That’s because high blood pressure does not cause signs of illness that you can see or feel. But, high blood pressure, sometimes called “the silent killer,” is a major health problem. If high blood pressure isn’t controlled with lifestyle changes and medicine, it can lead to stroke, heart disease, eye problems, or kidney failure.

What Is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries. When the doctor measures your blood pressure, the results are given in two numbers. The first number, called systolic pressure, measures the pressure when your heart beats. The second number, called diastolic pressure, measures the pressure while your heart relaxes between beats. Normal blood pressure is a systolic pressure of less than 120 and a diastolic pressure of less than 80.

Do You Have High Blood Pressure?

One reason to have regular visits to the doctor is to have your blood pressure checked. The doctor will say your blood pressure is high when it measures 140/90 or higher at two or more checkups. He or she may ask you to check your blood pressure at home at different times of the day. If the pressure stays high, the doctor may suggest medicine, changes in your diet, and exercise.

What Do The Numbers Mean?
	Systolic	Diastolic
Normal Blood Pressure	Less than 120	Less than 80
High Blood Pressure	140 or more	90 or more
Prehypertension	Between 120-139	Between 80-89
Isolated Systolic Hypertension	140 or more	Less than 90

You could have prehypertension if your blood pressure is only slightly higher than normal—for example, the first number (systolic) is between 120 and 139, or the second number (diastolic) is between 80 and 89. Prehypertension can put you at risk for developing high blood pressure. Your doctor will probably want you to make changes in your day-to-day habits to try and lower your blood pressure.

What If Just The First Number Is High?

For older people, the first number (systolic) often is 140 or greater, but the second number (diastolic) is less than 90. This problem is called isolated systolic hypertension. Isolated systolic hypertension is the most common form of high blood pressure in older people, and it can lead to serious health problems. It is treated in the same way as regular high blood pressure. If your systolic pressure is 140 or higher, ask your doctor how you can lower it.

Some Risks You Can’t Change

Anyone can get high blood pressure. But, some people have a greater chance of having it because of things they can’t change. These are:

• Age. The chance of having high blood pressure increases as you get older.
• Gender. Before age 55, men have a greater chance of having high blood pressure. Women are more likely to have high blood pressure after menopause.
• Family history. High blood pressure tends to run in some families.
• Race. African-Americans are at increased risk for high blood pressure.

How Can I Control My Blood Pressure?

More than half of Americans over age 60 and about three-fourths of those 70 years of age and older have high blood pressure. The good news is blood pressure can be controlled in most people. To start, there are many lifestyle changes you can make to lower your risk of high blood pressure, including:

• Keep a healthy weight. Being overweight adds to your risk of high blood pressure. Ask your doctor if you need to lose weight.
• Exercise every day. Moderate exercise can lower your risk of high blood pressure. Try to exercise at least 30 minutes a day most days of the week. Check with your doctor before starting an exercise plan if you have a long-term health problem or are over 50 and have been inactive.
• Eat a healthy diet. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products may help to lower blood pressure. Ask your doctor about following a healthy diet.
• Cut down on salt. Many Americans eat more salt (sodium) than they need. Most of the salt comes from processed food (for example, soup and baked goods). A low-salt diet might help lower your blood pressure. Talk with your doctor about eating less salt.
• Drink less alcohol. Drinking alcohol can affect your blood pressure. Most men shouldn’t have more than two drinks a day; most women should not drink more than one drink a day.
• Don’t smoke. Smoking increases your risk for high blood pressure and heart disease. If you smoke, quit.
• Manage stress. People react to stress in different ways. For some, stress can cause their blood pressure to go up. Talk to your doctor about how you can lower stress. Exercise and getting a good night’s sleep can help.

If these lifestyle changes don’t control your high blood pressure, your doctor will prescribe medicine. You may try several kinds before finding the one that works best for you. Medicine can control your blood pressure, but it can’t cure it. You may need to take medicine for the rest of your life. You and your doctor can plan together how to manage your blood pressure.

High Blood Pressure Facts

High blood pressure is serious because it can lead to major health problems. If you have high blood pressure, remember:

• High blood pressure may not make you feel sick, but it is serious. See a doctor to treat it.
• You can lower your blood pressure by changing your day-to-day habits and by taking medicine, if needed.
• If you take high blood pressure medicine, making some lifestyle changes may help lower the dose you need.
• If you are already taking blood pressure medicine and your blood pressure is 120 or less, that’s good. It means medicine and lifestyles changes are working. If another doctor asks if you have high blood pressure, the answer is, “Yes, but it is being treated.”
• Tell your doctor about all the drugs you take. Don’t forget to mention over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and dietary supplements. They may affect your blood pressure. They also can change how well your blood pressure medicine works.
• Blood pressure pills should be taken at the same time each day. For example, take your medicine in the morning with breakfast or in the evening after brushing your teeth. If you miss a dose, do not double the dose the next day.
• Know what your blood pressure should be. Don’t take more of your blood pressure medicine than your doctor prescribes. Very low blood pressure is not good, either. Systolic pressure that is a lot lower than 100 may make you dizzy and faint and may cause you to fall.
• Do not stop taking your high blood pressure medicine unless your doctor tells you to stop. Don’t skip a day or take half a pill. Remember to refill your medicine before you run out of pills.

If your doctor asks you to take your blood pressure at home, keep in mind:

• There are many blood pressure home monitors for sale. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to see what monitor you need and show you have to use it.
• Avoid smoking, exercise, and caffeine 30 minutes before taking your blood pressure.
• Make sure you are sitting with your feet on the floor and your back is against something.
• Relax quietly for 5 minutes before checking your blood pressure.
• Keep a list of your blood pressure numbers to share with your doctor, physician’s assistant, or nurse. Take your home monitor to the doctor’s office to make sure your monitor is working right.